Ultrasonic welding: Ultrasonic welding in the plastification process requires heat gained by converting ultrasonic vibrations of > 20 kHz into mechanical vibrations. Fusion takes place by the vapour pressure of the plastic.
Advantages:
High strength and sealing characteristics.
Short welding time (a few seconds).
Applications:
Geometrically small formed parts in volume production.
Embedding metal parts.
Vibration welding
(vibration friction welding):
The plastic is fused by friction produced at the jointing surfaces of the workpiece.
Advantages:
Welding different plastics together under specific conditions.
Welding a continuous seam on large parts with part welding surface area.
High strength and sealing characteristics.
Welding process easily automated.
Short welding times (a few seconds).
Applications:
Large jointing parts in volume production.
Welding mostly injection-moulded formed parts.
Heat element welding:
The plastic is fused along the contact surfaces by a heat element.
Advantages:
The welding seam has high stress resistance; base material strengths are attainable even with unreinforced materials.
Three-dimensional contours are no problem using contour heat elements.
Applications:
Parts with 2-dimensional joint surfaces.
Parts with 3-dimensional joint surfaces.
Hot gas welding:
Hot gas welding is carried out by hand. In this process, the welding surfaces are heated to fusion temperature by a welding rod and hot air, and they are then welded under pressure.
Advantages:
Excellent for prototypes and small batches, apparatus construction.
Applications:
Complex joints easily welded. Excellent for repairing cracked plastic parts.